Erta Ale is a continuously active basaltic shield volcano in the Afar Region of northeastern Ethiopia, the most active
volcano in Ethiopia. It is in the
Afar Depression, a
badlandish desert area spanning the border with
Eritrea, and the volcano itself is surrounded completely by an area below sea level, making it one of the lowest volcanoes in the world.
Erta Ale is 613 metres (2,011 ft) high, with one or sometimes two active
lava lakes at the summit which occasionally overflow on the south side of the volcano.
It is notable for being the longest-existing lava lake, present since the early years of the twentieth century (1906). Volcanoes with lava lakes are very rare: there are only five in the world.
Erta Ale means "smoking mountain" in the local
Afar language and its southernmost pit is known locally as "the gateway to
hell". It has recently been mapped by a team from the
BBC using
three dimensional laser techniques. As the lakes have searingly hot temperatures, laser scanning, which can map any
surface at a distance, was used.
There was a major eruption on 25 September 2005 which killed 250 head of livestock and forced thousands of nearby residents to flee. There was further lava flow in August 2007, forcing the evacuation of hundreds and leaving two missing. An eruption on 4 November 2008 was reported by scientists at
Addis Ababa University. Not much is known about Erta Ale as the surrounding terrain is some of the worst on earth and the native
Danakil people are not friendly
[citation needed].
The lava lake on Erta Ale was recently shown beliefly during the 2010 movie
Clash of the Titans during the journey sequence where Perseus travels to the underworld.